Effects of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on frozen-thawed ram semen at two cooling periods.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different selenium compounds on the sperm quality of cryopreserved ram semen. Ejaculates from four rams, collected using an artificial vagina heated to 38 °C, were individually evaluated. The approved ejaculates were pooled and diluted (1:1 v:v) in Tris-egg yolk extender (20%, v/v) and separated into two control groups, one cooled for 2 h and the other for 4 h. The pooled ejaculates at the two cooling periods were supplemented with two doses (0.5 and 1 µg/mL) of organic selenium (ORG), and inorganic selenium (SeNa), each. The samples were packed in 0.25 ml straws, at a concentration of 400 × 106 sperms/mL and stored in liquid nitrogen. The straws were thawed in a water bath at 37 °C for 20 s, and the samples were subjected to sperm kinetics evaluation by Computer Assisted Semen Analysis software. Sperm membrane integrity, acrosome morphology, and mitochondrial potential were assessed. In addition, oxidative stress markers reactive oxygen species (ROS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activity) were also evaluated. No significant improvement was observed in the ram semen quality at the two cooling times. Supplementation of the freezing extender with 0.5 µg/mL ORG, subjected to 4 h cooling period, increased the sperm motility when compared with the control group at the same cooling time. In addition, the 0.5 µg/mL SeNa group, under the 2 h cooling period, showed an increase in sperm motility when compared to the control group at the same cooling period. Considering the importance of sperm motility as a fertility parameter, our study indicates that supplementation with ORG and SeNa can help improve the total motility of the cryopreserved ram semen.

Motility, oxidative status and morphology of frozen-thawed bovine semen are not impacted by fatty acid exposure in vitro.

While sperm migrate within the reproductive tract of cows experiencing negative energy balance (NEB), they come into contact with elevated concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). For this reason, this study aimed to investigate the effects of three different NEFA - palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA), and oleic acid (OA) - on bovine sperm motility, kinetic parameters, oxidative status, and morphology. Frozen thawed semen samples from Bos taurus bulls were incubated with varying concentrations of each fatty acid, and the sperm's characteristics were analysed at different time points. Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) was employed to assess sperm motility and kinetic parameters. Concurrently, the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity were measured to determine the oxidative status. Additionally, sperm morphology was evaluated. In Experiment 1, different concentrations of PA did not show significant effects on total motility, progressive motility, or any kinetic parameters analysed. Similarly, PA did not have a significant impact on the oxidative status or sperm morphology. In Experiment 2, SA at various concentrations did not lead to significant changes in total motility, progressive motility, or any kinetic parameters evaluated. Furthermore, SA did not affect oxidative status or sperm morphology. In Experiment 3, the concentrations of OA used did not result in significant changes in total motility, progressive motility, or any kinetic parameters studied. Likewise, OA did not induce any alterations in oxidative status or sperm morphology. Overall, the results from all three experiments indicate that PA, SA and OA, at the in vitro conditions and tested concentrations, do not exert detrimental effects on bovine sperm function and morphology. These results provide insights that contribute to our understanding of how fatty acids can impact the reduction of fertility rates in cows facing NEB. This, in turn, lays the foundation for additional critical investigations in this area. Further studies are necessary to validate these findings in vivo.

Cushioned centrifugation during sperm selection increases the fertilization and cleavage rates of cattle embryos produced in vitro.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of utilization of an iodixanol-based solution as a cushioning method during the sperm selection utilizing discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation in in vitro production (IVP) of cattle embryos. In Experiment I, all aliquots of thawed semen were subjected to sperm selection using the same discontinuous Percoll® gradients, except for the following four conditions: presence of cushioning solution (Cushion Fluid, Minitube) during the first centrifugation process (C1), presence of cushioning solution during the second centrifugation process (C2), inclusion of cushioning solution in both centrifugation steps (C1-2), and no addiction of cushioning solution (C; control group). Recovery rates, sperm kinetics, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated. In Experiment II, sperm cells were processed using sperm selection conditions C and C1, and fertilization rates and embryonic development kinetics were compared between experimental groups. With use of condition C1, there was improvement in fertilization and cleavage rates when compared to use of condition C (56.4% compared with 45.5% and 80.0% compared 64.7%, respectively). In conclusion, results indicate the use of a cushioning solution during sperm selection positively affects the developmental potential of embryos.

Mercury at environmental relevant levels affects spermatozoa function and fertility capacity in bovine sperm.

Over the last several years human sperm quality was found to be significantly reduced and the role environmental contaminants play in this phenomenon remain to be determined. Mercury (Hg) is one of the most widespread contaminants; however the correlation between metal exposure and adverse consequences on human and animals fertility are not completely established. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of direct exposure to inorganic Hg on male gametes using spermatozoa (bovine sperm) which characteristically resemble human sperm. Sperm were divided and incubated for 0.5, 1 or 2 h at low levels of Hg: i) Control: without exposure; ii) Hg8 nM: mercury chloride (HgCl2) at 8 nM and iii) Hg8 µM: HgCl2 at 8 µM. Sperm kinetics, morphology, sperm membrane integrity, and in vitro fertilization were assessed. In addition the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Hg exposure for 2 h impaired sperm morphology and membrane integrity as well as kinetic parameters including curvilinear velocity and straight-line velocity, which are needed for fertilization as evidenced by the reduced fertilization rate in 8 µM Hg-treated gametes. Hg enhanced oxidative stress in male sperm as reflected by elevated levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant capacity. Data demonstrated that low levels of Hg when incubated with spermatozoa are sufficient to increase oxidative stress, adversely affect sperm quality parameters, subsequently impairing sperm fertility capacity.

Effect of γ-oryzanol on testicular degeneration induced by scrotal insulation in rams.

The present study assessed the effects of daily supplementation with 33 mg/metabolic weight (MW) of γ-oryzanol on testicular degeneration induced by scrotal insulation in rams. Eight animals were divided into two groups: Control (subjected to scrotal insulation without treatment) and Gamma (subjected to scrotal insulation and γ-oryzanol treatment). The rams were subjected to scrotal insulation by covering the scrotum with a thermal bag for 72 h. Animals in the Gamma group received 33 mg/MW oral γ-oryzanol once-daily, beginning 7 days before insulation and continuing during insulation and for 20 days afterward, for a total treatment period of 30 days. Samples of semen and blood were collected during the experiment to perform biochemical evaluations of oxidative stress, seminal kinetics and morphology, and plasma testosterone concentrations. Ultrasound examinations of the testicular parenchyma and clinical evaluations of its consistency and the scrotal perimeter were also performed at weekly intervals. Testicular tissue was collected for biochemical analyses of oxidative stress parameters at the end of the experiment by orchiectomy. The results showed that testicular degeneration was induced by scrotal insulation, as was demonstrated by the reduced scrotal perimeter and increased in testicular flaccidity immediately after insulation. Moreover, a delayed increase in the number of hyperechoic points in the parenchyma and a delayed reduction in sperm motility were observed at 10 weeks after insulation by ultrasonography. Treatment with γ-oryzanol reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the testes, and increased the total antioxidant potential (assessed based on the ferric reducing ability (FRAP)) in week 10 and levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS). It also increased the number of intact spermatozoa in week 3, but increased the total number of sperm defects from week 5 onwards. Although γ-oryzanol protected the semen and testes by reducing the levels of the parameters of oxidative stress evaluated herein, the other parameters studied were not improved by the treatment. In addition, supplementation with γ-oryzanol led to more morphological abnormalities in the sperm. This study presented new information on the oral administration of γ-oryzanol to rams with testicular degeneration, and described potential therapies for this pathology, which currently has no established treatment and has important impacts on reproductive health.

Reduction in Percoll volume increases recovery rate of sex-sorted semen of bulls without affecting sperm quality and early embryonic development.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Percoll volume on recovery rate, sperm quality, and embryo development kinetics in in vitro production of cattle embryos. Straws of conventional and sex-sorted semen were allocated to three different volumes of Percoll: 300 µL of each Percoll gradient (90%, 60%, and 30%), Control; 100 µL of each Percoll gradient, P100; and 200 µL of each Percoll gradient, P200. Sperm quality, fertilization rate, and embryo morpho-kinetic development using time lapse cinematography up to 48 h post-insemination were evaluated. For conventionally processed semen, sperm motility, vigor, and recovery rate were greater in the P100 and P200 treatment groups compared to the Control (P < 0.05), whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity were not influenced by treatments. For sex-sorted semen, treatment with P100 increased sperm curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement (P < 0.05). Recovery rate was greater in the P100 group than Control and P200 groups (P < 0.05), formation of ROS was less in the P100 than Control and P200 groups, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity was less in the P100 than Control group. Fertilization and cleavage rates, time of first cleavage, and cell number were similar between the P100 and Control groups (P > 0.05). The inclusion of Percoll volumes of 100 µL resulted in an increased sperm recovery rate without damage to sperm quality or affecting early embryonic development.

Effect of quinine-loaded polysorbate-coated nanocapsules on male and female reproductive systems of rats.

Quinine is an antimalarial drug; however, its use is limited by its narrow therapeutic index and elevated side effects. The nanosystems are promising delivery vehicles of antimalarial drugs, enhancing their therapeutic potential. This study aimed to compare the toxicity of quinine and quinine loaded nanocapsules (Q-NC) on the reproductive system of male and female rats. The animals received quinine or Q-NC orally at the same dose of 25 mg kg-1 for 7 days (real period of quinine therapy in humans). 24 hours after the last administration, the rats were euthanized and the ovarian and testicular tissues were removed for histological and biochemical analyses. The groups treated with quinine presented ovarian and testicular damage, evidenced by the increase of reactive species and malondialdehyde levels, the decrease of 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and alterations on total antioxidant capacity. The females presented a decrease of follicular viability and the males presented a decrease of spermatozoa membrane integrity, as well as moderated histological alterations on testis after the exposure to quinine. After the treatment with Q-NC, the males presented decreased reactive species levels and total antioxidant capacity at control levels, as well as spermatozoa with 100% of membrane integrity. The females treated with Q-NC presented reactive species levels, total antioxidant capacity, 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and follicular viability at control levels, and decreased malondialdehyde levels when compared to quinine, but not at control levels. This study demonstrated that loading polymeric nanocapsules with quinine decreased the deleterious effects induced by quinine on ovaries and partially on testicles.

Green tea infusion improves cyclophosphamide-induced damage on male mice reproductive system.

Green tea presents catechins as its major components and it has a potential antioxidant activity. Cyclophosmamide (CP) is an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent, known to reduce fertility. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of green tea infusion on cyclophosphamide-induced damage in male mice reproductive system. Mice received green tea infusion (250 mg/kg) or vehicle by gavage for 14 days. Saline or CP were injected intraperitoneally at a single dose (100 mg/kg) at the 14th day. Animals were euthanized 24 h after CP administration and testes and epididymis were removed for biochemical analysis and sperm evaluation. Catechins concentration in green tea infusion was evaluated by HPLC. CP increased lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and superoxide dismutase activity whereas sperm concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and 17ß-hydroxysteroid (17ß-HSD) dehydrogenase activities were reduced in both tissues tested. Catalase activity and protein carbonyl levels were changed only in testes, after CP administration. Green tea pre-treatment reduced significantly lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA damage and restored GPx and GST activity in testes. In epididymis, therapy significantly increased sperm concentration and restored GPx and 17ß-HSD activity. Green tea improves CP-induced damage on reproductive system, probably due to their high catechins content.

Adequacy of ovarian diathermy under ultrasound control: an experimental model.

BACKGROUND: To develop a minimally invasive ovarian cauterization technique under transvaginal ultrasound control and evaluate the safety and feasability of monopolar cauterization to cause ovarian injury using female cattle of reproductive age as an experimental model. METHOD: Experimental study in a university research center was performed. Eleven female bovines of reproductive age were submitted to monopolar transvaginal ovarian cauterization. The right ovary (RO) was punctured at four sites and 40 W was applied for 5 s at each point, resulting in a total of 800 J (Joules) of thermal energy. In the left ovary (LO), the procedure was similar, with the same time and 80 W, resulting in a thermal energy of 1600 J. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were assessed. RESULTS: Of 22 ovaries punctured, 20 were cauterized and exhibited macroscopic and typical microscopic lesions. No lesions could be found in the needle path. The measures of the areas of microscopic electrocautery lesions calculated estimating a cylindrical volume showed a median of 1.12% in the right ovary and 1.65% in the left ovary. When the estimate was calculated by spherical shape, the medians were 1.77% in the right ovary and 3.06% in the left ovary. There was a statistically significant difference in these two estimates (sphere, p = 0.008; cylinder, p = 0.021). CONCLUSION: The experimental animal model described for transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovarian needle cauterization seems to be feasible. The ovaries were successfully cauterized without injuries in needle path and more energy resulted in significantly more thermal lesion. The safety and effectiveness of this technique, theoretically less invasive than current ovarian drilling methods, could be tested in anovulatory women with PCOS.

Cadmium inhibits the ovary δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in vitro and ex vivo: protective role of seleno-furanoside.

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a concern to the tobacco-smoking sub-population which includes millions of people worldwide. Although this metal may cause severe damage to embryos and the reproductive organs, the precise mechanisms underlying its toxicity remain unclear. In the present study, the Cd effect on ovary δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity was investigated in vitro and ex vivo. We observed that low concentrations of Cd inhibited cow ovary δ-ALA-D activity in vitro and the IC50 value obtained was 19.17 µM. Furthermore, the protective effect of a novel organic selenium compound (seleno-furanoside) in restoring enzyme activity was evaluated. Seleno-furanoside (10, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 1000 µM) did not reverse the Cd toxicity in bovine ovarian tissue in vitro. According to the in vitro reults, acute Cd exposure (2.5 and 5 mg kg(-1)) caused a significant inhibition in ovary δ-ALA-D activity in mice (around 27% and 34%, respectively). Therapy with seleno-furanoside (100 µmol kg(-1)) was able to restore enzyme activity. Thus, we demonstrated for the first time that δ-ALA-D activity from ovary is inhibited by Cd both in vitro and ex vivo. Additionally, seleno-furanoside therapy was effective in restoring ovarian enzyme activity inhibited by Cd exposure in mice, but it did not reverse the in vitro metal effect. This study detected a new toxicity marker of Cd toxicity on ovarian tissue as well as the beneficial effect of a new compound to manage the metal effect after acute exposure.

Cultivo de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro: efeito do número de embriões e da proporção de meio / Culture of in vitro produced bovine embryos: effect of number of embryos and medium ratio

Na última década, os produtores de leite e carne bovina incrementaram consideravelmente o uso da aspiração folicular (OPU) associada à produção in vitro de embriões (IVP). Oócitos recuperados pela OPU têm qualidade diversificada e seu número reduzido requer condições diferenciadas de cultivo para a IVP Para determinar o efeito do número de embriões e volume de meio sobre a IVP, 1428 embriões bovinos foram cultivados em grupos de 5, 10 e 20, em 1:1, 1:5 e 1:10mL de meio, Grupos de 20 oócitos foram maturados in vitro em 200mL de TCM-199+ rFSHh+ 10% de soro de vaca em estro (SVE), por 24h. A fecundação in vitro foi em grupos de 20 oócitos / 200mL de meio Fert-Talp, por 18h com 1x10 elevado a 6ª espermatozóides/mL. O cultivo foi em SOFaaci+5% SVE por 8 dias. Considerando-se o dia da fecundação como D0, conduziu-se as avaliações no D2 (clivagem), D7 (blastocistos) e no D9 (eclosão). A taxa de clivagem foi superior quando o cultivo foi com 20 embriões e não foi afetada quando a proporção de meio variou (1:1; 1:5 e 1:10). Com as proporções de meio de cultivo 1:5 ou 1:10, a taxa de embriões em D7 foi superior (P<0.05) à 1:1. O número de embriões cultivados influenciou a produção de blastocistos em D7 (P<0,05) com 20 embriões/gota, Estes resultados também se refletem nos percentuais de blastocistos eclodidos em D9, sendo que 1:5 e 1:10 foram superiores (P<0,05) à 1:1. Da mesma forma, a taxa de eclosão foi superior (P<0,05) com o cultivo de 10 ou 20 embriões/gota quando comparado ao grupo de 5 embriões/gota. A redução do número de embriões e da proporção de volume de meio no cultivo, afeta os índices de desenvolvimento na produção in vitro de embriões bovinos.

In the last decade the dairy and beef bovine farms had an increment in their breeding programs that inc1ude the use o ovum pick-up and in vitro production (OPU /IVP). Oocytes retrieved by OPU vary in quality and its reduced number requires appropriated culture conditions for IVP. To evaluate the effect of the number of embryos and volume of the media in the in vitro culture of bovine embryos, 1428 zygotes were culturedingroups of 5, 10 or 20 in 1, 5 or 10mLof medium. Groups of 20 oocytes matured in vitro in 200mL of TCM+rFSHh+ 10% estrus cow serum (ECS). The fertilization was performed in groups of 20 oocytes/200mL of Fert-Talp medium, for 18h with 1x10 6ª spermatozoa/mL. The culture was done in SOFaaci+5% ECS for 8 days. Considering D0 as the fertilization day, the IVP was evaluated on day 2 (cleavage), day 7 (blastocyst) and in day 9 (hatching rates). The cleavage rates were higherwhen embryos were cultured in groups of twenty. However, it was not affected by the medium ratio of 1:1,1:5 and 1:10. The use of 1:5 and 1:10mL of culture medium ratio showed higher embryo production rates in D7 (P<0.05) than 1:1 mL proporcion. The culture of 20 embryos per drop affected the blastocyst production on day 7. Likewise the hatching rates in D9 were higher with 1:5 and 1:10 than 1:1. Similarly, the hatching rates were higher in cultured of 10 or 20 embryos/drop when compared to groups of 5 embryos/ drop. The reduction of embryos and the proportion of the medium volume in culture affects the development indexes on bovine embryos in vitro production.

Transporte de oócitos bovinos em meio de maturaçäo sem controle de atmosfera gasosa / Transport of bovine oocytes in maturation medium without a controlled gaseous atmosphere

Oócitos (n=1177) bovinos obtidos da aspiraçäo de folículos com diâmetro entre 2 e 8mm, de ovários de matadouro foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos com 11 repetiçöes. Os oócitos foram maturados por 24h em TCM-199 Sais de Earle, acrescido de 25mM de bicarbonato de sódio, 25mM de HEPES, rFHS-h, Soro de Vaca em Estro (SVE) e piruvato, em estufa a 39ºC, com 5 por cento de CO2 em ar e umidade saturada (Grupo Controle, n=296) ou, submetidos ao transporte simulado por 6 (T6, n=286), 12 (T12, n=294) ou 18h (T18, n=301) em meio de maturaçäo TCM+HEPES, em banho-maria a 39ºC, com os mesmos componentes utilizados para o Grupo Controle, porém com apenas 1mM de bicarbonato. Decorrido cada período de transporte, os mesmos foram transferidos para placas com meio de maturaçäo, completando o período de 24h em estufa, nas mesmas condiçöes do Grupo Controle. O período de fecundaçäo foi de 18h em condiçöes semelhantes de temperatura e atmosfera gasosa, em FERT-TALP acrescido de heparina, sendo a dose inseminante de 1x106 espermatozóides/mL, selecionados por migraçäo ascendente. Os prováveis zigotos foram cultivados em meio SOF + 5 por cento SVE por 8 dias, em estufa a 39ºC, em bolsas gaseificadas com 5 por cento CO2, 5 por cento O2 e 90 por cento N2. Na avaliaçäo da clivagem, näo houve diferença entre os tratamentos. As taxas de desenvolvimento embrionário no dia 7 foram semelhantes para os grupos Controle (20,9 por cento), T6 (19,2 por cento) e T12 (21,4 por cento), com uma reduçäo (P<0,05) observada no grupo T18 (12,3 por cento), em relaçäo aos grupos Controle e T12. No dia 9, o T18 apresentou uma menor (P<0,05) produçäo de blastocistos expandidos mais eclodidos, em relaçäo aos demais grupos, embora näo tenha sido observada diferença (P>0,05) na taxa de eclosäo. O número médio de células dos blastocistos eclodidos näo diferiu (P>0,05) entre os grupos Controle (136), T6 (125,5) e T12 (126,8). Esses resultados indicam a possibilidade do transporte de oócitos bovinos em meio de maturaçäo TCM+HEPES, sem controle da atmosfera gasosa, a 39ºC, pelo período de até 12h. Esta técnica oferece uma alternativa prática e eficiente para o transporte dos oócitos bovinos destinados à produçäo in vitro de embriöes bovinos (PIV).

Desenvolvimento embrionário de oócitos bovinos mantidos em fluido folicular bovino de folículos de diferentes diâmetros / Embryo development of bovine oocytes held in follicular fluid from bovine follicles of different diameters

Oócitos bovinos têm sido mantidos em fluido folicular como meio para transporte e para aumento de sua competência, antes da maturação. Oitocentos e oitenta e um (881) oócitos foram aspirados de folículos de 2 a 8mm, de ovários de abatedouro, para avaliar o efeito da manutenção de oócitos bovinos em fluido folicular bovino de folículos de diferentes tamanhos sobre o desenvolvimento embrionário. Os oócitos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos, com sete repetições cada. No grupo controle (n=217), os oócitos foram maturados por 24h em TCM-199 com Soro de Égua em Estro (SEE), piruvato e rFSH-h, em estufa a 39ºC, com 5,00 por cento de CO2 e umidade saturada. No tratamento FFpequeno (n=216), os oócitos foram mantidos por 6h em fluido folicular de folículos de 3 a 5mm a 30ºC e posteriormente maturados por 18h nas mesmas condições do grupo controle. Os oócitos dos tratamentos FFmédio (n=226) e FFgrande (n=222) foram mantidos em fluido folicular de folículos com 5,1 a 8mm e folículos maiores de 8,1mm, respectivamente e, após, maturados por 18h. Após a fecundação por 18h, os zigotos foram cultivados por 8 dias em SOFaaci com 5,00 por cento de SEE, em estufa a 39ºC, em bolsas gaseificadas com 5,00 por centoCO2, 5,00 por centoO2 e 90,00 por centoN2. Oócitos do grupo FFpequeno resultaram em menor (P<0,05) taxa de blastocistos em D7 que os grupos Controle e FFgrande. No D9, as taxas de blastocistos e de eclosão não diferiram (P>0,05) entre os grupos. O fluido folicular de folículos médios e grandes pode ser utilizado para o manutenção de oócitos bovinos por 6h a 30ºC, antes da maturação por 18h.

Cultivo individual de blastocistos bovinos produzidos in vitro / Individual culture of in vitro produced bovine blastocysts

Embriöes bovinos produzidos in vitro foram cultivados individualmente do D7 ao D9, com o intuito de avaliar o seu desenvolvimento posterior. Quarenta e nove embriöes, nos estágios de blastocisto inicial, blastocisto e blastocisto expandido foram cultivados, individualmente, em 50ml de meio SOF + 5 por cento SVE, do D7 ao D9 (D0=fecundaçäo). Entre o D7 e D8, os blastocistos foram cultivados em palhetas (TcP) ou em placas (CP) e, entre o D8 e D9, foram cultivados apenas em placas. O índice de blastocistos que avançaram pelo menos um estágio de desenvolvimento, entre D7 e D8, foi de 71 por cento, 37 por cento e 44 por cento no CP e de 100 por cento, 66 por cento e 36 por cento no TcP, respectivamente para blastocistos iniciais, blastocistos e blastocistos expandidos. O percentual total de embriöes que evoluíram do D7 para D8 foi de 50 por cento (12/24) para o CP e de 60 por cento (15/25) para o TcP, os quais näo foram significativamente diferentes (P>0,05). Na avaliaçäo efetuada no D9, näo foram constatadas diferenças (P>0,05) no percentual de blastocistos eclodidos, entre os dois sistemas de cultivo (29 por cento e 24 por cento para CP e TcP, respectivamente). Após coloraçäo fluorescente dos núcleos, näo foi observada diferença (P>0,05) entre o número médio de células dos blastocistos eclodidos (182,66 vs. 202,8) e expandidos (94,5 vs. 88), para o CP e TcP, respectivamente. Blastocistos bovinos produzidos in vitro podem ser cultivados individualmente do D7 ao D9, näo havendo efeito do sistema de cultivo empregado (placas ou palhetas) sobre a taxa de eclosäo e o número de células